42,000
people diagnosed with bowel cancer in the UK each year
90%
survival rate when diagnosed at the earliest stage
4th
most common cancer in the UK
Bowel cancer — also called colorectal cancer — is the fourth most common cancer in the UK, with around 42,000 new cases diagnosed every year. When caught early, the survival rate is over 90%. Yet many people delay seeing their GP because they do not recognise the symptoms, or assume they are caused by something less serious.
Here are the five key warning signs you should never ignore — and what to do if you notice them.
Important: This article is for awareness purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. If you are concerned about any symptom, contact your GP or call NHS 111.
Persistent change in bowel habits
See GP promptlyA change in your normal bowel habits that lasts for 3 weeks or more — such as going more often, looser stools, or constipation — should always be checked by your GP. This is one of the most common early signs of bowel cancer and is often dismissed as IBS or a dietary change. If it persists, do not wait.
Blood in your stools
See GP promptlyBright red or dark blood in your stools, or blood mixed in with your stool, is a symptom that should never be ignored. While it can be caused by haemorrhoids (piles), it can also be a sign of bowel cancer. If you notice blood in your stools without an obvious cause, see your GP promptly — do not assume it is piles.
Abdominal pain, discomfort or bloating
Persistent abdominal pain, cramping or bloating — especially if it is always brought on by eating — can be a symptom of bowel cancer. Occasional bloating is common and usually harmless, but if it is new, persistent or getting worse, it is worth discussing with your GP.
Unexplained weight loss
Losing weight without trying — particularly if it is rapid or significant — is a general cancer warning sign that applies to bowel cancer too. If you have lost weight without changing your diet or exercise habits, and you cannot explain why, this should be investigated by your GP.
Extreme tiredness for no obvious reason
Unexplained fatigue that does not improve with rest can be a sign of bowel cancer, often caused by anaemia from internal bleeding. If you feel exhausted despite sleeping well and there is no obvious explanation, mention it to your GP — especially if combined with any of the other symptoms on this list.
When to act
NHS Bowel Cancer Screening
Everyone aged 50–74 in England is invited for bowel cancer screening every 2 years. The test is a simple home kit sent by post — you collect a small stool sample and return it by post. It takes minutes and can detect cancer before symptoms appear.
If you are in this age group and have not received an invitation, contact your GP surgery or call the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening helpline on 0800 707 60 60.