Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK. It develops when cells in the breast begin to grow in an uncontrolled way. It is far more common in women but can also affect men. Most breast changes are not cancer, but any persistent or unusual change should be checked by a healthcare professional.

These symptoms can have many possible causes and do not necessarily mean you have cancer. However, persistent, unexplained or unusual changes should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

• A new lump or thickening in the breast or armpit
• A change in the size, shape or feel of the breast
• Dimpling, puckering or a rash on the skin of the breast
• A change to the nipple, such as it turning inwards or a discharge
• Swelling or a lump in the armpit or around the collarbone

If you notice any new or persistent change in your breast, contact your GP. Most breast changes are not cancer, but your GP can examine you and, if needed, refer you to a specialist breast clinic. If you are aged 50–70, keep attending your routine mammogram invitations.

Check your risk

Answer a few quick questions for a general awareness indicator. This is not a clinical assessment.

This is a general awareness tool, not a clinical risk score. It does not diagnose cancer.

These factors can increase the chance of developing breast cancer, but having a risk factor does not mean you will get it, and many people with no known risk factors are affected.

• Being a woman
• Getting older — most cases are in women over 50
• A strong family history of breast cancer
• Changes in genes called BRCA1 or BRCA2
• Having had breast problems before
• Drinking alcohol
• Being overweight after menopause
• Not exercising much

Women aged 50 to 70 are invited for a breast scan every 3 years on the NHS. The scan can find changes before you can feel them. Some areas now invite women from 47 to 73. If you notice any changes between scans, contact your GP — do not wait for your next appointment.

Your GP will ask about your symptoms and examine your breasts and armpits. If they think a change needs checking, they will refer you to a breast clinic, usually within 2 weeks. At the clinic you may have a mammogram, an ultrasound and, if needed, a small sample (biopsy) of any concerning area.

• What to do if you find a lump →
• NHS Screening Programmes →

People also ask about Breast Cancer

• What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
• What are the early signs of breast cancer?
• Who is at greater risk of breast cancer?
• Can breast cancer develop without symptoms?
• When should I speak to my GP?

Sources and further reading

• NHS — Breast cancer in women

  Last source check: 2026-08-10

• Cancer Research UK — Breast cancer

  Last source check: 2026-08-10

• NICE — Suspected cancer: recognition and referral (NG12)

  Last source check: 2026-08-10